Should TPN be administered to all advanced cancer patients?
Is anorexia the main reason for giving TPN to cancer patients?
Is TPN beneficial in all postoperative patients?
Is TPN recommended in previously well-nourished patients with longstanding postoperative ileus?
Is routine postoperative PN in well nourished patients beneficial?
PN should be always preferred over EN in patients with stable Crohn's disease.
May TPN be beneficial in radiation enteritis for bowel rest?
EN should be always preferred over PN in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas.
ICU patients should always receive a mixed regimen of EN+PN irrespective of GI function.
In contrast to EN, PN can be given to most patients and is not limited by GI tolerance.
Parenteral nutrition should only be infused via a central vein.
The subclavian vein should be the access of first choice for placing a central venous catheter since its use is associated with the lowest risk of complication at placement.
The tip of the central venous catheter should be placed at the junction between the superior vena cava and the right atrium.
A control X-ray or fluoroscopy must be carried out after placement of a central venous catheter.
The osmolality of the PN mixture is not a relevant consideration in peripheral vein feeding.
A multilumen (at least double) catheter is recommended for infusing PN separately from other medications.
All-in-one PN bags allow less handling of the catheter and infusion set
The patient should always be in bed during PN.
It is not necessary to add micronutrients to commercial all-in-one bags.
Catheters inserted via the inferior vena cava have a minimal risk of complications (i.e., infection, thrombosis, etc.)
Compounding of an all-in-one admixture should aim to reduce the amount of air in the PN bag to reduce the extent of lipid peroxidation.
Safe i.v. fat emulsions have a fat droplet size distribution similar to chylomicrons (upper limit size at about 5 μm).
The formation of low soluble Ca-monohydrogen-phosphate (pK = 7.2) depends on the pH of the AiO admixture.
The use of organic phosphate may be an alternative way of avoiding solubility problems with Ca and phosphate.
The only goal of monitoring parenteral nutrition is to prevent complications.
Change in body weight is usually a reliable marker of parenteral nutrition efficacy.
Parenteral nutrition-related complications are less frequent in those hospitals where a specialized Nutrition Team exists.
The refeeding syndrome is a complication with low morbidity.
Central venous catheter replacement at scheduled time intervals reduces catheter-related blood-stream infection.
In a lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition, the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., with 2 or more double bonds) influences the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.
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